body {
    font-family: 'Lora', serif;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    background-color: #f4f4f4; /* uses 'Lora', 0 margin, 0 padding, and a background color*/
}

header {
    background: #333;
    color: white;
    padding: 1em;
    text-align: center;
}

nav ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

nav ul li {
    display: inline;
    margin: 0 15px;
}

nav ul li a {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Media never overflows; keeps aspect ratio everywhere */
img, video, canvas, svg {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

/* Keep large standalone images at a normal readable width */
main img, section img, article img, p > img, .content img {
  display: block;
  margin: 1.5rem auto;         /* center and add breathing room */
  max-width: min(90%, 700px);  /* cap the visual width on large screens */
  height: auto;                /* keep aspect ratio */
  border-radius: 8px;          /* optional, for softer edges */
}

main img, section img, article img {
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

/* Make images act like images when dragged (esp. Safari/Chrome) */
img { -webkit-user-drag: element; }

/* 2) Your page/content/card containers */
.container, .section, .card {
  overflow: hidden;           /* prevents bleed */
}

/* Optional niceties */
figure { margin: 1rem 0; }

/* Reusable responsive media row: sits side-by-side when there's room, stacks on small screens */
.media-row {
  display: grid;
  gap: 24px; /* space between items */
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  align-items: center;
  max-width: 1200px; /* keeps the pair centered and not overly wide */
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.media-row > * { 
    width: 100%; /* make children fill their cell neatly */
}  

section {
    padding: 20px;
}

section h2 {
    text-align: center;
}

section p {
    text-align: left;
}

p + ul {
    margin-top: 0;
}

section #contact {
    text-align: center;
}

#contact {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 20px; /* adds some space above the section */
}

#contact h2 {
    text-align: center; /* centers "Get in Touch" */
    margin-bottom: 20px; /* adds some space below the header */
}

#contact .social-buttons {
    display: flex; /* uses flexbox to align the buttons in a row */
    justify-content: center; /* centers the buttons horizontally */
    gap: 20px; /* adds space between buttons */
    flex-wrap: wrap; /* has buttons wrap if the screen is too small */
}

#projects {
    text-align: center; /* centers the section */
}

#projects p {
    margin-bottom: 0; /* removes space below "Overview" */
    padding-bottom: 0; /* has no extra padding */
}

#projects ul {
    list-style-position: inside; /* keeps bullet points inside the text */
    display: inline-block; /* centering */
    text-align: left; /* makes bullets align properly with text */
    margin-top: 0; /* removes space above the bullet list */
    padding-top: 0; /* has no extra padding */
}


#projects ul li {
    margin-bottom: 7px; /* adds space between each bullet point */
}

.contact-icon {
    width: 40px; /* width of 40px */
    height: 40px; /* height of 40px */
    margin: 10px; /* adds margin spacing around icons */
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease-in-out; /* button animation details */
    object-fit: contain; /* has the whole image is visible without distortion */
}

.contact-icon:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1); /* slight zoom effect on hover */
}

button {
    border: none;    /* no border */
    background: none; /* no background */
    padding: 0;      /* removes default padding */
    cursor: pointer; /* makes button clickable */
    display: inline-block; /* proper alignment */
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
}

a, button {
    text-decoration: none; /* no underlines */
    outline: none; /* no focus outlines */
    border: none; /* remove borders */
    background: none; /* no background */
    padding: 0; /* remove padding */
    margin: 0; /* remove margin */
    display: inline-flex; /* align images next to each other */
    justify-content: center; /* center content horizontally */
    align-items: center; /* center content vertically */
}

header a {
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease-in-out; /* button animation details */
    object-fit: contain; /* has the whole image is visible without distortion */
}

header a:hover {
    transform: scale(1.3); /* slight zoom effect on hover */
    outline-offset: 1px;
}

.centered-image {
    display: block; /* makes it a block element so margin auto works */
    margin: 20px auto; /* centers horizontally & adds spacing */
    max-width: 100%; /* responsiveness */
    height: auto; /* keeps aspect ratio */
}

.image-container {
    text-align: center; 
    margin: 20px auto; 
}

.image-container img {
    display: inline-block; 
    margin: 0 10px; 
    width: 350px; 
    height: 350px;
    object-fit: cover; 
}

.under-construction-img {
    display: block; /* make sure it's treated as a block element */
    margin: 0 auto; /* center it */
    width: 220px; /* width */
    height: auto; /* maintain aspect ratio */
    object-fit: contain; /* make sure the full image is visible */
    overflow: visible; /* make sure it's not clipped */
}

#map {
    text-align: center; /* centers the map */
    margin: 50px 0; /* adds space above & below */
}

.map-container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center; /* center the map */
    align-items: center;
}

blockquote {
    border-left: 3px solid #000000; 
    padding-left: 10px; /* add space between the line and the text */
    margin-left: 0; /* remove default indentation */
    margin-right: 0; /* remove default indentation */
} 

#projects p, #clubs p {
    margin-bottom: 0; /* removes space below "Overview" */
    padding-bottom: 0; /* removes extra padding */
}

#projects ul, #clubs ul {
    margin-top: 0; /* removes space above the bullet list */
    padding-top: 0; /* has no extra padding */
}

#projects p:last-of-type, #clubs p:last-of-type {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

#projects p:nth-last-of-type(2), #clubs p:nth-last-of-type(2) {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

#projects p:last-of-type, #clubs p:last-of-type {
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
}

#projects button a {
    color: black;
    background-color: white;
    outline: 2px solid black;
    outline-offset: 1px;
}

#projects button a:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1); /* slight zoom effect on hover */
    outline: 2px solid black;
    outline-offset: 1px;
}

.title-and-skip-button {
    display: flex; /* arrange items in a row */
    justify-content: center; /* space between title and button */
    align-items: center; /* vertically align the items in the center */
}

.title-and-skip-button h2 {
    margin: 0; /* removes any default margin on the h2 */
}

.title-and-skip-button button {
    margin-left: 20px; /* adds space between the title and the button */
}

footer {
    background-color: #292020;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1em 0;
    position: relative;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Footer links: unvisited, visited, hover, active */
footer a:link,
footer a:visited,
footer a:hover,
footer a:active {
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none; /* optional: remove underlines */
}

/* Optional: hover effect to differentiate */
footer a:hover {
  opacity: 0.8; /* subtle fade effect */
}


/* Layout container */
.container {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1.25rem;
}

/* Section blocks */
.section {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;
  margin: 1.25rem 0;
}

/* Card pattern (used for highlights or any small panels) */
.card {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
  padding: 1rem;
}
.card + .card { margin-top: 1rem; }

/* Headlines & body rhythm to match JMV */
h1, h2, h3 { margin: 0 0 .5rem 0; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 40px); }
h2 { font-size: clamp(22px, 3vw, 30px); }
h3 { font-size: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 22px); }
p { line-height: 1.7; }

/* Simple responsive grid utility (used for highlights/images) */
.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
}
@media (min-width: 640px) { .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); } }

/* Quora highlight cards */
.quora-card {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.08);
  transition: transform .08s ease, box-shadow .08s ease;
}
.quora-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.12);
}
.quora-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 160px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.quora-card .info { padding: .75rem .9rem 1rem; }
.quora-card .info h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .35rem 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.quora-card .info p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: .9rem;
  opacity: .75;
}

.card h3, .card h4 { margin-top:.1rem; margin-bottom:.4rem; }
.section h2 { margin-bottom:.6rem; }

/* Keep HRs inside cards */
.section hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); width: 100%; margin: 1rem 0; }

/* Nice spacing without <br> spam */
.section p { margin: .6rem 0 0; }

/* Lists that align cleanly */
.section ul, .section ol { margin: .5rem 0 0 1.25rem; }

/* Images/rows that never overflow */
.image-row {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
  margin-top: .75rem;
}
.image-row img, .image-row video { width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 12px; display: block; }

/* Optional: quick centering utility */
.text-center { text-align: center; }

/* Put these near the bottom of your CSS file */
.f2r-pair {
  display: flex; /* row layout */
  flex-direction: row; /* side-by-side */
  justify-content: center; /* center the row */
  align-items: center; /* align baselines/heights nicely */
  gap: 24px; /* space between the two images */
  flex-wrap: nowrap; /* allow stack on small screens */
  margin: 20px auto; /* center the whole block */
  max-width: 500px; /* keep it from stretching too wide */
}

.f2r-pair img {
  flex: 0 1 420px; /* even widths; shrink if needed */
  max-width: 100%; /* don’t overflow their column */
  height: auto; /* keep aspect ratio */
  object-fit: contain; /* never crop */
  display: block;
}

/* Optional: stack vertically on small screens */
@media (max-width: 100%) {
  .f2r-pair { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .f2r-pair img { flex-basis: min(95%, 520px); }
}

.full-bleed{
  display:block;
  width: min(100vw, 1160px); /* 1160px ≈ your image’s native width */
  height:auto;
  margin: 0 auto; /* center it */
}

/* Cropped thumbnail helper: keeps a 16:9 box and crops inside */
.thumb {
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  object-fit: cover;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto; /* height is implied by aspect-ratio */
  border-radius: 12px; /* if you want rounded corners */
}

/* ===== Highlights ===== */
.section {
  padding: 32px 20px;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.section h2 {
  font-family: "Lora", serif;
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin: 0 0 16px;
}

.highlights-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .highlights-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
}
@media (min-width: 980px) {
  .highlights-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; }
}

/* Embedly cards are iframes; make them behave responsively */
.embedly-card,
.embedly-card iframe {
  width: 100% !important;
}

/* Fallback list when JS is disabled */
.highlights-fallback {
  list-style: disc;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

.embedly-card { display:block; max-width: 100%; }
.embedly-card iframe { width: 100% !important; }

/* === Quora Highlights === */
.section {
  padding: 32px 20px;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.section h2 {
  font-family: "Lora", serif;
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  text-align: left;
}

.highlights-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
}

@media (min-width: 700px) {
  .highlights-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  }
}

.quora-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  transition: box-shadow .2s ease, transform .1s ease;
}

.quora-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.1);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.quora-card img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16/9;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.quora-card .info {
  padding: 12px 14px 16px;
}

.quora-card .info h3 {
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.quora-card .info p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #666;
}

/* --- Card spacing: predictable vertical rhythm --- */
.section { margin: 1.5rem 0; }                  /* space between cards */
.section > * + * { margin-top: 0.9rem; }        /* space between any two children */

/* Finer control for common pairs */
.section h1 + p,
.section h2 + p,
.section h3 + p { margin-top: 0.75rem; }

.section p + p { margin-top: 0.9rem; }
.section ul, .section ol { margin: 0.6rem 0 0 1.25rem; }

.section hr { 
  border: 0; 
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15); 
  width: 100%; 
  margin: 1.1rem 0; 
}

/* Keep images/rows from crashing spacing */
.image-row { margin-top: 0.9rem; }